iOS ≥ 10 Notification Service Extension 應用 (Swift)
圖片推播、推播顯示統計、推播顯示前處理
關於基礎的推播建置、推播原理;網路資料很多,這邊就不再論述,本篇主要重點在如何讓APP支援圖片推播及運用新特性達成更精準的推播顯示統計.
如上圖所示,Notification Service Extension讓你在APP收到推播後能針對推播做預處理,然後才顯示推播內容
官方文件寫到,我們針對推播進來的內容做處理時,處理時限大約30秒鐘,如果超過30秒還沒CallBack,推播就會繼續執行,出現在使用者的手機.
支援度
iOS ≥ 10.0
30秒可以幹嘛?
- (目標1) 從推播內容的圖片連結欄位下載圖片回來,並附加到推播內容上🏆
- (目標2) 統計推播有無顯示🏆
- 推播內容修改、重組內容
- 推播內容加解密(解密)顯示
- 決定推播要不要顯示? =>> 答案:不行
首先,後端推播程式的 Payload 部分
後端在推播時的結構要多加上一行 “mutable-content":1
系統收到推播才會執行Notification Service Extension
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{
"aps": {
"alert": {
"title": "新文章推薦給您",
"body": "立即查看"
},
"mutable-content":1,
"sound": "default",
"badge": 0
}
}
And… 第一步,為專案新建一個Target
Step 1. Xcode -> File -> New -> Target
Step 2. iOS -> Notification Service Extension -> Next
Step 3. 輸入Product Name -> Finish
Step 4. 點選 Activate
第二步,撰寫推播內容處理程式
找到Product Name/NotificationService.swift檔
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import UserNotifications
class NotificationService: UNNotificationServiceExtension {
var contentHandler: ((UNNotificationContent) -> Void)?
var bestAttemptContent: UNMutableNotificationContent?
override func didReceive(_ request: UNNotificationRequest, withContentHandler contentHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationContent) -> Void) {
self.contentHandler = contentHandler
bestAttemptContent = (request.content.mutableCopy() as? UNMutableNotificationContent)
if let bestAttemptContent = bestAttemptContent {
// Modify the notification content here...
// 推播內容在這處理,Load 圖片回來
bestAttemptContent.title = "\(bestAttemptContent.title) [modified]"
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
}
}
override func serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire() {
// Called just before the extension will be terminated by the system.
// Use this as an opportunity to deliver your "best attempt" at modified content, otherwise the original push payload will be used.
// 要逾時了,不管圖片 只改標題內容就好
if let contentHandler = contentHandler, let bestAttemptContent = bestAttemptContent {
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
}
}
}
如上程式碼,NotificationService有兩個接口;第一個是 didReceive
當有推播進來時會觸發這個function,其中當處理完畢後需要呼叫 contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
這個CallBack Method告知系統
如果時間過久都沒呼叫CallBack Method,就會觸發第二個 function serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire()
已逾時,基本上已回天乏術,只能做一些收尾的動作(例如:單純改改標題、內容,不Load網路資料了)
實戰範例
這裡假設我們的 Payload 如下
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{
"aps": {
"alert": {
"push_id":"2018001",
"title": "新文章推薦給您",
"body": "立即查看",
"image": "https://d2uju15hmm6f78.cloudfront.net/image/2016/12/04/3113/2018/09/28/trim_153813426461775700_450x300.jpg"
},
"mutable-content":1,
"sound": "default",
"badge": 0
}
}
「push_id」跟「image」都是我自訂的欄位,push_id用於辨識推播方便我們傳回伺服器做統計;image 則是推播要附加的圖片內容之圖片網址
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override func didReceive(_ request: UNNotificationRequest, withContentHandler contentHandler: @escaping (UNNotificationContent) -> Void) {
self.contentHandler = contentHandler
bestAttemptContent = (request.content.mutableCopy() as? UNMutableNotificationContent)
if let bestAttemptContent = bestAttemptContent {
guard let info = request.content.userInfo["aps"] as? NSDictionary,let alert = info["alert"] as? Dictionary<String,String> else {
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
return
//推播內容格式不如預期,不處理
}
//目標2:
//回傳Server,告知推播有顯示
if let push_id = alert["push_id"],let url = URL(string: "顯示統計API網址") {
var request = URLRequest(url: url, cachePolicy: .reloadIgnoringLocalCacheData, timeoutInterval: 30)
request.httpMethod = "POST"
request.addValue(UserAgent, forHTTPHeaderField: "User-Agent")
var httpBody = "push_id=\(push_id)"
request.addValue("application/x-www-form-urlencoded", forHTTPHeaderField: "Content-Type")
request.httpBody = httpBody.data(using: .utf8)
let task = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: request) { (data, response, error) in
}
DispatchQueue.global().async {
task.resume()
//異步處理,不管他
}
}
//目標1:
guard let imageURLString = alert["image"],let imageURL = URL(string: imageURLString) else {
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
return
//若無附圖片,則不用特別處理
}
let dataTask = URLSession.shared.dataTask(with: imageURL) { (data, response, error) in
guard let fileURL = NSURL(fileURLWithPath: NSTemporaryDirectory()).appendingPathComponent(imageURL.lastPathComponent) else {
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
return
}
guard (try? data?.write(to: fileURL)) != nil else {
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
return
}
guard let attachment = try? UNNotificationAttachment(identifier: "image", url: fileURL, options: nil) else {
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
return
}
//以上為讀取圖片連結並下載到手機並放入建立UNNotificationAttachment
bestAttemptContent.categoryIdentifier = "image"
bestAttemptContent.attachments = [attachment]
//為推播添加附件圖片
bestAttemptContent.body = (bestAttemptContent.body == "") ? ("立即查看") : (bestAttemptContent.body)
//如果body為空,則用預設內容"立即查看"
contentHandler(bestAttemptContent)
}
dataTask.resume()
}
}
serviceExtensionTimeWillExpire
的部分我沒特別處理什麼,就不貼了;關鍵還是上述 didReceive
的程式碼
可以看到當接受到有推播通知時,我們先Call Api告訴後端有收到並將顯示推播了,方便我們後台做推播統計;然後若有附加圖片再對圖片進行處理.
In-App狀態時:
ㄧ樣會觸發Notification Service Extension didReceive 再觸發AppDelegate的 func application( _ application: UIApplication, didReceiveRemoteNotification userInfo: [AnyHashable : Any ], fetchCompletionHandler completionHandler: @escaping (UIBackgroundFetchResult) -> Void) 方法
附註:關於圖片推播的部分你還可以….
使用 Notification Content Extension 自訂推播按壓時要顯示的UIView(可以自己刻),還有按壓的動作
可參考這篇: iOS10推送通知进阶(Notification Extension)
iOS 12之後支援更多動作處理: iOS 12 新通知功能:添加互動性 在通知中實作複雜功能
Notification Content Extension的部分,我只拉了一個能展示圖片推播的UIView 並沒有做太多琢磨:
有任何問題及指教歡迎 與我聯絡 。
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