Medium API 爬取資料與突破 Cloudflare 防護｜完整 GraphQL 操作教學

瀏覽次數: 169+

正體中文 简体中文 English 日本語

基於 SEO 考量，本文標題與描述經 AI 調整，原始版本請參考內文。

文章目錄

---

Medium API 資料爬蟲與 Cloudflare 攻防的心路歷程

使用 Medium Graphql Private API 爬取資料、備份文章及 Cloudflare 驗證阻擋突破方式。

背景

自 2018 年開始經營 Medium 撰寫文章，大約在 2022 年時累積的文章數量已超過 50+ 篇，接近 6+ 萬字加上約 3 GB 的文章圖片 (直至 2025 已破 120+ 篇/10+萬字/6 GB+圖片)； 沒有備份! 沒有備份! 沒有備份! ，因為我一直以來都直接用 Medium 寫文章(編輯器真的好用)， 寫完就直接儲存發佈，本地沒有任何備份。

那時候有一股不安感油然而生，如果哪一天 Medium 倒了我的文章不就不見了？(而且那幾年 Medium 狀況一直都很不好，沒有賺錢) 或是我的帳號突然被停權心血不就都付之一炬了？

於是在那年開始研究如何爬取 Medium 資料、尤其是文章內容跟如何下載備份。

Medium HTML ❌

結構非常複雜、易改變、爬取緩慢，直接起瀏覽器爬內容是下下策。

Medium Official API ❌

Warning The Medium API is no longer supported. We do not recommend using it.

Medium 曾經提供過官方的 API 接口，但是應該在推出沒多久就停用了；推測應該是跟產品目標不同，Medium 是私域流量應該要盡量把內容留在站內，而不是開 API 讓外部有機會串接拿到資料。

Medium Unofficial API 🤔

也因為官方不提供 API，有民間大神自行開發對外的 API 接口讓有需求的使用者串接；但其中原理我推測也是打 Medium Private API，只是過了它那一層的封裝橋接，幫你把請求轉換成 Private API 取得原始資料。

收費也不便宜，約每 2,500次請求 $USD 5 美元 ；這個服務做蠻久的，但既然最終都是打 Medium Private API，那我自己嗅探自己打就好了。

Medium Private API ✅

何謂 Private API? 就是這個 API 接口 並非給外部使用、沒有文件、可能隨時停用、可能有法律風險 ；等於 直接去看他網站 / App 的行為找到呼叫的對應 API ，自己寫程式重用這個 API 撈資料到自己的服務上。

https://medium.com/_/graphql

經過網路請求嗅探，我們可以發現所有的 Medium API 都是使用 https://medium.com/_/graphql 這個接口，只要我們能在自己的程式上呼叫並取得相同的資料，這條路就能達成。

Medium Private API — 嗅探 Medium Graphql (取得追蹤人數為例)

我的第一個應用是想爬取我的追蹤人數顯示在我的入口網站。

link.zhgchg.li :

因此我必須爬取 Medium 上我的帳號的追蹤人數。

• 我們先打開瀏覽器的「開發者模式」(Chrome -> 右鍵 -> 檢查) 切換到「Network」頁籤，勾選「Preserve log」、搜尋匡輸入「 graphql 」
• 進入 Medium 帳號追蹤者頁面:「 https://medium.com/@YOUR_USER_NAME/followers 」 只能用這個格式的 Follower 網址嗅探， https://YOUR_USER_NAME.medium.com/followers 這種格式的沒有呼叫取得 Followers API。

• 一個一個查看左方「graphql」請求，在「Response」資料中搜尋「 followerCount 」關鍵字，找到有這個關鍵字且 username 同網頁的使用者名稱 & 追蹤數字跟網頁顯示相同，找到這個目標請求。
• 找到目標的 API 後，切換到 Payload -> View Source -> 複製以下全部內容

現在我們已經有取得 Medium 追蹤者的 API & Payload 了，用 Postman 測試看看！

Medium 取得追蹤人數 Endpoint — Request & Response

Endpoint:

POST https://medium.com/_/graphql

Authorization: No authorization required (不用帶 Token or set cookies)

Payload:

[
    {
        "operationName": "UserFollowers",
        "variables": {
            "id": null,
            "username": "zhgchgli"
        },
        "query": "query UserFollowers($username: ID, $id: ID, $paging: PagingOptions) {\n  userResult(username: $username, id: $id) {\n    __typename\n    ... on User {\n      id\n      followersUserConnection(paging: $paging) {\n        pagingInfo {\n          next {\n            from\n            limit\n            __typename\n          }\n          __typename\n        }\n        users {\n          ...FollowList_publisher\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      ...UserCanonicalizer_user\n      ...FollowersHeader_publisher\n      ...NoFollows_publisher\n      __typename\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfragment collectionUrl_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  domain\n  slug\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CollectionAvatar_collection on Collection {\n  name\n  avatar {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...collectionUrl_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiModal_collection on Collection {\n  name\n  ...SignInOptions_collection\n  ...SignUpOptions_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PublicationFollowButton_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  slug\n  name\n  ...SusiModal_collection\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublicationFollowRow_collection on Collection {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  description\n  ...CollectionAvatar_collection\n  ...PublicationFollowButton_collection\n}\n\nfragment userUrl_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customDomainState {\n    live {\n      domain\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  hasSubdomain\n  username\n}\n\nfragment UserAvatar_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  imageId\n  membership {\n    tier\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  name\n  username\n  ...userUrl_user\n}\n\nfragment isUserVerifiedBookAuthor_user on User {\n  verifications {\n    isBookAuthor\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiModal_user on User {\n  ...SignInOptions_user\n  ...SignUpOptions_user\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  type\n  slug\n  name\n  collection {\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  user {\n    id\n    name\n    username\n    newsletterV3 {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useNewsletterV3Subscription_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  newsletterV3 {\n    ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  name\n  ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  ...SusiModal_user\n  ...useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    ...useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserFollowRow_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  bio\n  ...UserAvatar_user\n  ...isUserVerifiedBookAuthor_user\n  ...AuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user\n}\n\nfragment FollowsHeader_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...collectionUrl_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...userUrl_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment FollowList_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...PublicationFollowRow_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...UserFollowRow_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserCanonicalizer_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  hasSubdomain\n  customDomainState {\n    live {\n      domain\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment FollowersHeader_publisher on Publisher {\n  ...FollowsHeader_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    subscriberCount\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    socialStats {\n      followerCount\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NoFollows_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n"
    }
]

username : 換成你要查詢的使用者名稱。

Postman :

• POST https://medium.com/_/graphql
• Body -> raw -> JSON

Response:

[
    {
        "data": {
            "userResult": {
                "__typename": "User",
                "id": "8854784154b8",
                "followersUserConnection": {
                    "pagingInfo": {
                        "next": {
                            "from": "1140babdfef7",
                            "limit": 8,
                            "__typename": "PageParams"
                        },
                        "__typename": "Paging"
                    },
                    "users": [
                        ///.. 略
                    ],
                    "__typename": "UserConnection"
                },
                "username": "zhgchgli",
                "hasSubdomain": true,
                "customDomainState": {
                    "live": {
                        "domain": "zhgchgli.medium.com",
                        "__typename": "CustomDomain"
                    },
                    "__typename": "CustomDomainState"
                },
                "name": "ZhgChgLi",
                "socialStats": {
                    "followerCount": 1050,
                    "__typename": "SocialStats"
                }
            }
        }
    }
]

關鍵資訊： response[0]["data"]["userResult"]["socialStats"]["followerCount"] 就是目標追蹤人數了！

Ruby Demo Code:

def load_medium_followers(username)
    begin
        url = "https://medium.com/_/graphql"
        uri = URI.parse(url)

        payload = [
            {
            "operationName": "UserFollowers",
            "variables": {
                "id": nil,
                "username": username,
                "paging": nil
            },
            "query": "query UserFollowers($username: ID, $id: ID, $paging: PagingOptions) {\n  userResult(username: $username, id: $id) {\n    __typename\n    ... on User {\n      id\n      followersUserConnection(paging: $paging) {\n        pagingInfo {\n          next {\n            from\n            limit\n            __typename\n          }\n          __typename\n        }\n        users {\n          ...FollowList_publisher\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      ...UserCanonicalizer_user\n      ...FollowersHeader_publisher\n      ...NoFollows_publisher\n      __typename\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfragment collectionUrl_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  domain\n  slug\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CollectionAvatar_collection on Collection {\n  name\n  avatar {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...collectionUrl_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiModal_collection on Collection {\n  name\n  ...SignInOptions_collection\n  ...SignUpOptions_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PublicationFollowButton_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  slug\n  name\n  ...SusiModal_collection\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublicationFollowRow_collection on Collection {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  description\n  ...CollectionAvatar_collection\n  ...PublicationFollowButton_collection\n}\n\nfragment userUrl_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customDomainState {\n    live {\n      domain\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  hasSubdomain\n  username\n}\n\nfragment UserAvatar_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  imageId\n  membership {\n    tier\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  name\n  username\n  ...userUrl_user\n}\n\nfragment isUserVerifiedBookAuthor_user on User {\n  verifications {\n    isBookAuthor\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiModal_user on User {\n  ...SignInOptions_user\n  ...SignUpOptions_user\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  type\n  slug\n  name\n  collection {\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  user {\n    id\n    name\n    username\n    newsletterV3 {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useNewsletterV3Subscription_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  newsletterV3 {\n    ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  name\n  ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  ...SusiModal_user\n  ...useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    ...useAuthorFollowSubscribeButton_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserFollowRow_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  bio\n  ...UserAvatar_user\n  ...isUserVerifiedBookAuthor_user\n  ...AuthorFollowSubscribeButton_user\n}\n\nfragment FollowsHeader_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...collectionUrl_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...userUrl_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment FollowList_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...PublicationFollowRow_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...UserFollowRow_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserCanonicalizer_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  hasSubdomain\n  customDomainState {\n    live {\n      domain\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment FollowersHeader_publisher on Publisher {\n  ...FollowsHeader_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    subscriberCount\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    socialStats {\n      followerCount\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NoFollows_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n"
            }
        ];

        headers = {
            "User-Agent" => "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/142.0.0.0",
            "Content-Type" => "application/json"
        }

        https = Net::HTTP.new(uri.host, uri.port)
        https.read_timeout = 30
        https.open_timeout = 10
        https.use_ssl = true

        # --- TLS / Certificate verification setup ---
        # Some OpenSSL builds/configs enable CRL checking, which can fail with:
        # "certificate verify failed (unable to get certificate CRL)".
        # Net::HTTP/OpenSSL does not automatically fetch CRLs, so we use a default
        # cert store and clear CRL-related flags to avoid hard failures while still
        # verifying the peer certificate.
        https.verify_mode = OpenSSL::SSL::VERIFY_PEER

        store = OpenSSL::X509::Store.new
        store.set_default_paths
        # Ensure no CRL-check flags are enabled by default
        store.flags = 0
        https.cert_store = store

        # Allow overriding CA bundle paths via environment variables if needed.
        if ENV['SSL_CERT_FILE'] && !ENV['SSL_CERT_FILE'].empty?
        https.ca_file = ENV['SSL_CERT_FILE']
        end
        if ENV['SSL_CERT_DIR'] && !ENV['SSL_CERT_DIR'].empty?
        https.ca_path = ENV['SSL_CERT_DIR']
        end

        # (Optional) timeouts to avoid hanging on network issues
        https.open_timeout = 10
        https.read_timeout = 30
        # --- end TLS setup ---


        req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri.request_uri, headers)
        req.body = JSON.dump(payload)

        res = https.request(req)

        json = JSON.parse(res.body)
        count = json&.dig(0, "data", "userResult", "socialStats", "followerCount")
        count ? count.to_i : 0
        return "1K+" unless count.to_i > 0
        return "#{count.to_s.reverse.gsub(/(\d{3})(?=\d)/, '\\1,').reverse}+"
    rescue => e
        "1K+"
    end
end

Medium Private API — 取得帳號的所有文章

用相同的方式我們也可以取得目標帳號的文章列表。

Graphql Query Body:

[
      {
        "operationName": "UserProfileQuery",
        "variables": {
          "homepagePostsFrom": null,
          "includeDistributedResponses": true,
          "id": "8854784154b8",
          "homepagePostsLimit": 10
        },
        "query": "query UserProfileQuery($id: ID, $username: ID, $homepagePostsLimit: PaginationLimit, $homepagePostsFrom: String = null, $includeDistributedResponses: Boolean = true) {\n  userResult(id: $id, username: $username) {\n    __typename\n    ... on User {\n      id\n      name\n      viewerIsUser\n      viewerEdge {\n        id\n        isFollowing\n        __typename\n      }\n      homePostsPublished: homepagePostsConnection(paging: {limit: 1}) {\n        posts {\n          id\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      ...UserCanonicalizer_user\n      ...UserProfileScreen_user\n      ...EntityDrivenSubscriptionLandingPageScreen_writer\n      ...useShouldShowEntityDrivenSubscription_creator\n      __typename\n    }\n  }\n}\n\nfragment UserCanonicalizer_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  hasSubdomain\n  customDomainState {\n    live {\n      domain\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserProfileScreen_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  viewerIsUser\n  ...PublisherHeader_publisher\n  ...PublisherHomePosts_publisher\n  ...UserSubdomainFlow_user\n  ...UserProfileMetadata_user\n  ...SuspendedBannerLoader_user\n  ...ExpandablePost_user\n  ...useAnalytics_user\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeader_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ...PublisherHeaderBackground_publisher\n  ...PublisherHeaderNameplate_publisher\n  ...PublisherHeaderActions_publisher\n  ...PublisherHeaderNav_publisher\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderBackground_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customStyleSheet {\n    ...PublisherHeaderBackground_customStyleSheet\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on Collection {\n    colorPalette {\n      tintBackgroundSpectrum {\n        backgroundColor\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    isAuroraVisible\n    legacyHeaderBackgroundImage {\n      id\n      originalWidth\n      focusPercentX\n      focusPercentY\n      __typename\n    }\n    ...collectionTintBackgroundTheme_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...publisherUrl_publisher\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderBackground_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  global {\n    colorPalette {\n      background {\n        rgb\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  header {\n    headerScale\n    backgroundImageDisplayMode\n    backgroundImageVerticalAlignment\n    backgroundColorDisplayMode\n    backgroundColor {\n      alpha\n      rgb\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      ...getOpaqueHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    secondaryBackgroundColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    postBackgroundColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    backgroundImage {\n      ...MetaHeaderBackground_imageMetadata\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getHexFromColorValue_colorValue on ColorValue {\n  rgb\n  alpha\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getOpaqueHexFromColorValue_colorValue on ColorValue {\n  rgb\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderBackground_imageMetadata on ImageMetadata {\n  id\n  originalWidth\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment collectionTintBackgroundTheme_collection on Collection {\n  colorPalette {\n    ...collectionTintBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n    __typename\n  }\n  customStyleSheet {\n    id\n    ...collectionTintBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment collectionTintBackgroundTheme_colorPalette on ColorPalette {\n  ...customTintBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment customTintBackgroundTheme_colorPalette on ColorPalette {\n  tintBackgroundSpectrum {\n    ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum on ColorSpectrum {\n  backgroundColor\n  ...ThemeUtilInterpolateHelpers_colorSpectrum\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ThemeUtilInterpolateHelpers_colorSpectrum on ColorSpectrum {\n  colorPoints {\n    ...ThemeUtil_colorPoint\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ThemeUtil_colorPoint on ColorPoint {\n  color\n  point\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment collectionTintBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  ...customTintBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment customTintBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  global {\n    colorPalette {\n      primary {\n        colorPalette {\n          ...customTintBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment publisherUrl_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...collectionUrl_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...userUrl_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment collectionUrl_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  domain\n  slug\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment userUrl_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customDomainState {\n    live {\n      domain\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  hasSubdomain\n  username\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderNameplate_publisher on Publisher {\n  ...PublisherAvatar_publisher\n  ...PublisherHeaderLogo_publisher\n  ...PublisherFollowerCount_publisher\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherAvatar_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    id\n    ...CollectionAvatar_collection\n    __typename\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    id\n    ...UserAvatar_user\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n\nfragment CollectionAvatar_collection on Collection {\n  name\n  avatar {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...collectionUrl_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment UserAvatar_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  imageId\n  mediumMemberAt\n  name\n  username\n  ...userUrl_user\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderLogo_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customStyleSheet {\n    id\n    header {\n      logoImage {\n        id\n        originalHeight\n        originalWidth\n        __typename\n      }\n      appNameColor {\n        ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n        __typename\n      }\n      appNameTreatment\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  name\n  ... on Collection {\n    isAuroraVisible\n    logo {\n      id\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...CustomHeaderTooltip_publisher\n  ...publisherUrl_publisher\n}\n\nfragment CustomHeaderTooltip_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customStyleSheet {\n    id\n    header {\n      appNameTreatment\n      nameTreatment\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  ... on Collection {\n    isAuroraVisible\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment PublisherFollowerCount_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  ... on Collection {\n    slug\n    subscriberCount\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    socialStats {\n      followerCount\n      __typename\n    }\n    username\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderActions_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ...MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...CollectionFollowButton_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...FollowAndSubscribeButtons_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  slug\n  name\n  domain\n  newsletterV3 {\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...MutePopoverOptions_collection\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MutePopoverOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  ...MutePopoverOptions_creator\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MutePopoverOptions_creator on User {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CollectionFollowButton_collection on Collection {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  slug\n  ...collectionUrl_collection\n  ...SusiClickable_collection\n}\n\nfragment SusiClickable_collection on Collection {\n  ...SusiContainer_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SusiContainer_collection on Collection {\n  name\n  ...SignInOptions_collection\n  ...SignUpOptions_collection\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment FollowAndSubscribeButtons_user on User {\n  ...UserFollowButton_user\n  ...UserSubscribeButton_user\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment UserFollowButton_user on User {\n  ...UserFollowButtonSignedIn_user\n  ...UserFollowButtonSignedOut_user\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment UserFollowButtonSignedIn_user on User {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserFollowButtonSignedOut_user on User {\n  id\n  ...SusiClickable_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiClickable_user on User {\n  ...SusiContainer_user\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SusiContainer_user on User {\n  ...SignInOptions_user\n  ...SignUpOptions_user\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserSubscribeButton_user on User {\n  id\n  isPartnerProgramEnrolled\n  name\n  viewerEdge {\n    id\n    isFollowing\n    isUser\n    __typename\n  }\n  viewerIsUser\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_user\n  ...MembershipUpsellModal_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  type\n  slug\n  name\n  collection {\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  user {\n    id\n    name\n    username\n    newsletterV3 {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useNewsletterV3Subscription_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  newsletterV3 {\n    ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MembershipUpsellModal_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  imageId\n  postSubscribeMembershipUpsellShownAt\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderNav_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  customStyleSheet {\n    navigation {\n      navItems {\n        name\n        ...PublisherHeaderNavLink_headerNavigationItem\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...PublisherHeaderNavLink_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    domain\n    isAuroraVisible\n    slug\n    navItems {\n      tagSlug\n      title\n      url\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    customDomainState {\n      live {\n        domain\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    hasSubdomain\n    username\n    about\n    homePostsPublished: homepagePostsConnection(paging: {limit: 1}) {\n      posts {\n        id\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderNavLink_headerNavigationItem on HeaderNavigationItem {\n  href\n  name\n  tags {\n    id\n    normalizedTagSlug\n    __typename\n  }\n  type\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHeaderNavLink_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  ... on Collection {\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHomePosts_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  homepagePostsConnection(\n    paging: {limit: $homepagePostsLimit, from: $homepagePostsFrom}\n    includeDistributedResponses: $includeDistributedResponses\n  ) {\n    posts {\n      ...PublisherHomePosts_post\n      __typename\n    }\n    pagingInfo {\n      next {\n        from\n        limit\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...CardByline_publisher\n  ...NewsletterV3Promo_publisher\n  ...PublisherHomePosts_user\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHomePosts_post on Post {\n  id\n  collection {\n    id\n    name\n    ...collectionUrl_collection\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...ExpandablePost_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ExpandablePost_post on Post {\n  id\n  creator {\n    ...ExpandablePost_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  collection {\n    ...CardByline_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...InteractivePostBody_postPreview\n  firstPublishedAt\n  isLocked\n  isSeries\n  isShortform\n  latestPublishedAt\n  inResponseToCatalogResult {\n    __typename\n  }\n  mediumUrl\n  postResponses {\n    count\n    __typename\n  }\n  previewImage {\n    id\n    focusPercentX\n    focusPercentY\n    __typename\n  }\n  readingTime\n  sequence {\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  title\n  uniqueSlug\n  visibility\n  ...CardByline_post\n  ...ExpandablePostFooter_post\n  ...InResponseToEntityPreview_post\n  ...PostScrollTracker_post\n  ...ReadMore_post\n  ...HighDensityPreview_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ExpandablePost_user on User {\n  __typename\n  name\n  username\n  ...CardByline_user\n  id\n}\n\nfragment CardByline_user on User {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  username\n  mediumMemberAt\n  socialStats {\n    followerCount\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...userUrl_user\n  ...UserMentionTooltip_user\n}\n\nfragment UserMentionTooltip_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  username\n  bio\n  imageId\n  mediumMemberAt\n  ...UserAvatar_user\n  ...UserFollowButton_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CardByline_collection on Collection {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  ...collectionUrl_collection\n}\n\nfragment InteractivePostBody_postPreview on Post {\n  extendedPreviewContent(\n    truncationConfig: {previewParagraphsWordCountThreshold: 400, minimumWordLengthForTruncation: 150, truncateAtEndOfSentence: true, showFullImageCaptions: true, shortformPreviewParagraphsWordCountThreshold: 30, shortformMinimumWordLengthForTruncation: 30}\n  ) {\n    bodyModel {\n      ...PostBody_bodyModel\n      __typename\n    }\n    isFullContent\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PostBody_bodyModel on RichText {\n  sections {\n    name\n    startIndex\n    textLayout\n    imageLayout\n    backgroundImage {\n      id\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      __typename\n    }\n    videoLayout\n    backgroundVideo {\n      videoId\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      previewImageId\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  paragraphs {\n    id\n    ...PostBodySection_paragraph\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...normalizedBodyModel_richText\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostBodySection_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  ...PostBodyParagraph_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PostBodyParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  type\n  ...ImageParagraph_paragraph\n  ...TextParagraph_paragraph\n  ...IframeParagraph_paragraph\n  ...MixtapeParagraph_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment ImageParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  href\n  layout\n  metadata {\n    id\n    originalHeight\n    originalWidth\n    focusPercentX\n    focusPercentY\n    alt\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...Markups_paragraph\n  ...ParagraphRefsMapContext_paragraph\n  ...PostAnnotationsMarker_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment Markups_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  text\n  hasDropCap\n  dropCapImage {\n    ...MarkupNode_data_dropCapImage\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  markups {\n    type\n    start\n    end\n    href\n    anchorType\n    userId\n    linkMetadata {\n      httpStatus\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MarkupNode_data_dropCapImage on ImageMetadata {\n  ...DropCap_image\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment DropCap_image on ImageMetadata {\n  id\n  originalHeight\n  originalWidth\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ParagraphRefsMapContext_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  id\n  name\n  text\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostAnnotationsMarker_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  ...PostViewNoteCard_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PostViewNoteCard_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment TextParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  type\n  hasDropCap\n  ...Markups_paragraph\n  ...ParagraphRefsMapContext_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment IframeParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  iframe {\n    mediaResource {\n      id\n      iframeSrc\n      iframeHeight\n      iframeWidth\n      title\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  layout\n  ...getEmbedlyCardUrlParams_paragraph\n  ...Markups_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getEmbedlyCardUrlParams_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  type\n  iframe {\n    mediaResource {\n      iframeSrc\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MixtapeParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  type\n  mixtapeMetadata {\n    href\n    mediaResource {\n      mediumCatalog {\n        id\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...GenericMixtapeParagraph_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment GenericMixtapeParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  text\n  mixtapeMetadata {\n    href\n    thumbnailImageId\n    __typename\n  }\n  markups {\n    start\n    end\n    type\n    href\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment normalizedBodyModel_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    markups {\n      type\n      __typename\n    }\n    ...getParagraphHighlights_paragraph\n    ...getParagraphPrivateNotes_paragraph\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    startIndex\n    ...getSectionEndIndex_section\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...getParagraphStyles_richText\n  ...getParagraphSpaces_richText\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphHighlights_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphPrivateNotes_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getSectionEndIndex_section on Section {\n  startIndex\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphStyles_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    text\n    type\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    ...getSectionEndIndex_section\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphSpaces_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    layout\n    metadata {\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      __typename\n    }\n    type\n    ...paragraphExtendsImageGrid_paragraph\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...getSeriesParagraphTopSpacings_richText\n  ...getPostParagraphTopSpacings_richText\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment paragraphExtendsImageGrid_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  layout\n  type\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getSeriesParagraphTopSpacings_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    startIndex\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getPostParagraphTopSpacings_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    layout\n    text\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    startIndex\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CardByline_post on Post {\n  ...DraftStatus_post\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment DraftStatus_post on Post {\n  id\n  pendingCollection {\n    id\n    creator {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    ...BoldCollectionName_collection\n    __typename\n  }\n  statusForCollection\n  creator {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  isPublished\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment BoldCollectionName_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ExpandablePostFooter_post on Post {\n  id\n  allowResponses\n  postResponses {\n    count\n    __typename\n  }\n  isLimitedState\n  ...ExpandablePostCardOverflowButton_post\n  ...BookmarkButton_post\n  ...PostFooterSocialPopover_post\n  ...MultiVote_post\n  ...OverflowMenuButtonWithNegativeSignal_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ExpandablePostCardOverflowButton_post on Post {\n  creator {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...ExpandablePostCardEditorWriterButton_post\n  ...ExpandablePostCardReaderButton_post\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment ExpandablePostCardEditorWriterButton_post on Post {\n  id\n  collection {\n    id\n    name\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  allowResponses\n  clapCount\n  visibility\n  mediumUrl\n  responseDistribution\n  ...useIsPinnedInContext_post\n  ...CopyFriendLinkMenuItem_post\n  ...NewsletterV3EmailToSubscribersMenuItem_post\n  ...OverflowMenuItemUndoClaps_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useIsPinnedInContext_post on Post {\n  id\n  collection {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  pendingCollection {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  pinnedAt\n  pinnedByCreatorAt\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CopyFriendLinkMenuItem_post on Post {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3EmailToSubscribersMenuItem_post on Post {\n  id\n  creator {\n    id\n    newsletterV3 {\n      id\n      subscribersCount\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  isNewsletter\n  isAuthorNewsletter\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment OverflowMenuItemUndoClaps_post on Post {\n  id\n  clapCount\n  ...ClapMutation_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ClapMutation_post on Post {\n  __typename\n  id\n  clapCount\n  ...MultiVoteCount_post\n}\n\nfragment MultiVoteCount_post on Post {\n  id\n  ...PostVotersNetwork_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostVotersNetwork_post on Post {\n  id\n  voterCount\n  recommenders {\n    name\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ExpandablePostCardReaderButton_post on Post {\n  id\n  collection {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  creator {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  clapCount\n  ...ClapMutation_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment BookmarkButton_post on Post {\n  visibility\n  ...SusiClickable_post\n  ...AddToCatalogBookmarkButton_post\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SusiClickable_post on Post {\n  id\n  mediumUrl\n  ...SusiContainer_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiContainer_post on Post {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment AddToCatalogBookmarkButton_post on Post {\n  ...AddToCatalogBase_post\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment AddToCatalogBase_post on Post {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostFooterSocialPopover_post on Post {\n  id\n  mediumUrl\n  title\n  ...SharePostButton_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SharePostButton_post on Post {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MultiVote_post on Post {\n  id\n  clapCount\n  creator {\n    id\n    ...SusiClickable_user\n    __typename\n  }\n  isPublished\n  ...SusiClickable_post\n  collection {\n    id\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  isLimitedState\n  ...MultiVoteCount_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment OverflowMenuButtonWithNegativeSignal_post on Post {\n  id\n  ...OverflowMenuWithNegativeSignal_post\n  ...CreatorActionOverflowPopover_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment OverflowMenuWithNegativeSignal_post on Post {\n  id\n  creator {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  collection {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...OverflowMenuItemUndoClaps_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CreatorActionOverflowPopover_post on Post {\n  allowResponses\n  id\n  statusForCollection\n  isLocked\n  isPublished\n  clapCount\n  mediumUrl\n  pinnedAt\n  pinnedByCreatorAt\n  curationEligibleAt\n  mediumUrl\n  responseDistribution\n  visibility\n  inResponseToPostResult {\n    __typename\n  }\n  inResponseToCatalogResult {\n    __typename\n  }\n  pendingCollection {\n    id\n    name\n    creator {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    avatar {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    domain\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  creator {\n    id\n    ...MutePopoverOptions_creator\n    ...auroraHooks_publisher\n    __typename\n  }\n  collection {\n    id\n    name\n    creator {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    avatar {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    domain\n    slug\n    ...MutePopoverOptions_collection\n    ...auroraHooks_publisher\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...useIsPinnedInContext_post\n  ...NewsletterV3EmailToSubscribersMenuItem_post\n  ...OverflowMenuItemUndoClaps_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment auroraHooks_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    isAuroraEligible\n    isAuroraVisible\n    viewerEdge {\n      id\n      isEditor\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    isAuroraVisible\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment InResponseToEntityPreview_post on Post {\n  id\n  inResponseToEntityType\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostScrollTracker_post on Post {\n  id\n  collection {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  sequence {\n    sequenceId\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ReadMore_post on Post {\n  mediumUrl\n  readingTime\n  ...usePostUrl_post\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment usePostUrl_post on Post {\n  id\n  creator {\n    ...userUrl_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  collection {\n    id\n    domain\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  isSeries\n  mediumUrl\n  sequence {\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  uniqueSlug\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment HighDensityPreview_post on Post {\n  id\n  title\n  previewImage {\n    id\n    focusPercentX\n    focusPercentY\n    __typename\n  }\n  extendedPreviewContent(\n    truncationConfig: {previewParagraphsWordCountThreshold: 400, minimumWordLengthForTruncation: 150, truncateAtEndOfSentence: true, showFullImageCaptions: true, shortformPreviewParagraphsWordCountThreshold: 30, shortformMinimumWordLengthForTruncation: 30}\n  ) {\n    subtitle\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...HighDensityFooter_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment HighDensityFooter_post on Post {\n  id\n  readingTime\n  tags {\n    ...TopicPill_tag\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...BookmarkButton_post\n  ...ExpandablePostCardOverflowButton_post\n  ...OverflowMenuButtonWithNegativeSignal_post\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment TopicPill_tag on Tag {\n  __typename\n  id\n  displayTitle\n}\n\nfragment CardByline_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on User {\n    id\n    ...CardByline_user\n    __typename\n  }\n  ... on Collection {\n    id\n    ...CardByline_collection\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3Promo_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on User {\n    ...NewsletterV3Promo_publisher_User\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...NewsletterV3Promo_publisher_Collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3Promo_publisher_User on User {\n  id\n  username\n  name\n  viewerIsUser\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    ...NewsletterV3Promo_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3Promo_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  slug\n  name\n  description\n  promoHeadline\n  promoBody\n  ...NewsletterV3AmpButton_newsletterV3\n  ...NewsletterV3SubscribeButton_newsletterV3\n  ...NewsletterV3SubscribeByEmail_newsletterV3\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3AmpButton_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  collection {\n    ...collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_collection on Collection {\n  colorPalette {\n    ...collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n    __typename\n  }\n  customStyleSheet {\n    id\n    ...collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette on ColorPalette {\n  ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment customDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette on ColorPalette {\n  highlightSpectrum {\n    ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n    __typename\n  }\n  defaultBackgroundSpectrum {\n    ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n    __typename\n  }\n  tintBackgroundSpectrum {\n    ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment customDefaultBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  global {\n    colorPalette {\n      primary {\n        colorPalette {\n          ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      background {\n        colorPalette {\n          ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3SubscribeButton_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  name\n  slug\n  type\n  user {\n    id\n    name\n    username\n    __typename\n  }\n  collection {\n    slug\n    ...SusiClickable_collection\n    ...collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...SusiClickable_newsletterV3\n  ...useNewsletterV3Subscription_newsletterV3\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SusiClickable_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  ...SusiContainer_newsletterV3\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SusiContainer_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  ...SignInOptions_newsletterV3\n  ...SignUpOptions_newsletterV3\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SignInOptions_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment SignUpOptions_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  name\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3SubscribeByEmail_newsletterV3 on NewsletterV3 {\n  id\n  slug\n  type\n  user {\n    id\n    name\n    username\n    __typename\n  }\n  collection {\n    ...collectionDefaultBackgroundTheme_collection\n    ...collectionUrl_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment NewsletterV3Promo_publisher_Collection on Collection {\n  id\n  slug\n  domain\n  name\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    ...NewsletterV3Promo_newsletterV3\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherHomePosts_user on User {\n  id\n  ...useShowAuthorNewsletterV3Promo_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useShowAuthorNewsletterV3Promo_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    showPromo\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserSubdomainFlow_user on User {\n  id\n  hasCompletedProfile\n  name\n  bio\n  imageId\n  ...UserCompleteProfileDialog_user\n  ...UserSubdomainOnboardingDialog_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserCompleteProfileDialog_user on User {\n  id\n  name\n  bio\n  imageId\n  hasCompletedProfile\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserSubdomainOnboardingDialog_user on User {\n  id\n  customDomainState {\n    pending {\n      status\n      __typename\n    }\n    live {\n      status\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  username\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserProfileMetadata_user on User {\n  id\n  username\n  name\n  bio\n  socialStats {\n    followerCount\n    followingCount\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...userUrl_user\n  ...UserProfileMetadataHelmet_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment UserProfileMetadataHelmet_user on User {\n  username\n  name\n  imageId\n  twitterScreenName\n  navItems {\n    title\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment SuspendedBannerLoader_user on User {\n  id\n  isSuspended\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useAnalytics_user on User {\n  id\n  imageId\n  name\n  username\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment EntityDrivenSubscriptionLandingPageScreen_writer on User {\n  name\n  imageId\n  id\n  username\n  isPartnerProgramEnrolled\n  customStyleSheet {\n    ...CustomThemeProvider_customStyleSheet\n    ...CustomBackgroundWrapper_customStyleSheet\n    ...MetaHeader_customStyleSheet\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...MetaHeader_publisher\n  ...userUrl_user\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CustomThemeProvider_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet\n  ...customStyleSheetFontTheme_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment customStyleSheetFontTheme_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  global {\n    fonts {\n      font1 {\n        name\n        __typename\n      }\n      font2 {\n        name\n        __typename\n      }\n      font3 {\n        name\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CustomBackgroundWrapper_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  global {\n    colorPalette {\n      background {\n        ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeader_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  header {\n    headerScale\n    horizontalAlignment\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...MetaHeaderBackground_customStyleSheet\n  ...MetaHeaderEngagement_customStyleSheet\n  ...MetaHeaderLogo_customStyleSheet\n  ...MetaHeaderNavVertical_customStyleSheet\n  ...MetaHeaderTagline_customStyleSheet\n  ...MetaHeaderThemeProvider_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderBackground_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  header {\n    headerScale\n    backgroundImageDisplayMode\n    backgroundImageVerticalAlignment\n    backgroundColorDisplayMode\n    backgroundColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      ...getOpaqueHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    secondaryBackgroundColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    postBackgroundColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    backgroundImage {\n      ...MetaHeaderBackground_imageMetadata\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderEngagement_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  ...MetaHeaderNav_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNav_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  navigation {\n    navItems {\n      ...MetaHeaderNav_headerNavigationItem\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNav_headerNavigationItem on HeaderNavigationItem {\n  name\n  tagSlugs\n  ...MetaHeaderNavLink_headerNavigationItem\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNavLink_headerNavigationItem on HeaderNavigationItem {\n  name\n  ...getNavItemHref_headerNavigationItem\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getNavItemHref_headerNavigationItem on HeaderNavigationItem {\n  href\n  type\n  tags {\n    id\n    normalizedTagSlug\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderLogo_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  header {\n    nameColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    nameTreatment\n    postNameTreatment\n    logoImage {\n      ...MetaHeaderLogo_imageMetadata\n      __typename\n    }\n    logoScale\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderLogo_imageMetadata on ImageMetadata {\n  id\n  originalWidth\n  originalHeight\n  ...PublisherLogo_image\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherLogo_image on ImageMetadata {\n  id\n  originalHeight\n  originalWidth\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNavVertical_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  navigation {\n    navItems {\n      ...MetaHeaderNavLink_headerNavigationItem\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...MetaHeaderNav_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderTagline_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  header {\n    taglineColor {\n      ...getHexFromColorValue_colorValue\n      __typename\n    }\n    taglineTreatment\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderThemeProvider_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  id\n  ...useMetaHeaderTheme_customStyleSheet\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useMetaHeaderTheme_customStyleSheet on CustomStyleSheet {\n  ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_customStyleSheet\n  global {\n    colorPalette {\n      primary {\n        colorPalette {\n          tintBackgroundSpectrum {\n            ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n            __typename\n          }\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  header {\n    backgroundColor {\n      colorPalette {\n        tintBackgroundSpectrum {\n          ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    postBackgroundColor {\n      colorPalette {\n        tintBackgroundSpectrum {\n          ...ThemeUtil_colorSpectrum\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    backgroundImage {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeader_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  name\n  ...MetaHeaderEngagement_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderLogo_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderNavVertical_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderTagline_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderThemeProvider_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderActions_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderTop_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderNavLink_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    id\n    favicon {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    tagline\n    ...CollectionNavigationContextProvider_collection\n    __typename\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    id\n    bio\n    ...UserProfileCatalogsLink_publisher\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderEngagement_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ...MetaHeaderNav_publisher\n  ...PublisherAboutLink_publisher\n  ...PublisherFollowButton_publisher\n  ...PublisherFollowerCount_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    creator {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    customStyleSheet {\n      id\n      ...CustomThemeProvider_customStyleSheet\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...UserProfileCatalogsLink_publisher\n    ...UserSubscribeButton_user\n    customStyleSheet {\n      id\n      ...CustomThemeProvider_customStyleSheet\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNav_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ...MetaHeaderNavLink_publisher\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNavLink_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ...getNavItemHref_publisher\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getNavItemHref_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ...publisherUrl_publisher\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PublisherAboutLink_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  ... on Collection {\n    slug\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...userUrl_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment PublisherFollowButton_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    ...CollectionFollowButton_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    ...UserFollowButton_user\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment UserProfileCatalogsLink_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  ... on User {\n    ...userUrl_user\n    homePostsPublished: homepagePostsConnection(paging: {limit: 1}) {\n      posts {\n        id\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderLogo_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n  name\n  ... on Collection {\n    logo {\n      ...MetaHeaderLogo_imageMetadata\n      ...PublisherLogo_image\n      __typename\n      id\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ...auroraHooks_publisher\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderNavVertical_publisher on Publisher {\n  id\n  ...PublisherAboutLink_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderNav_publisher\n  ...MetaHeaderNavLink_publisher\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderTagline_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    tagline\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    bio\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderThemeProvider_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  customStyleSheet {\n    ...MetaHeaderThemeProvider_customStyleSheet\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on Collection {\n    colorPalette {\n      ...customDefaultBackgroundTheme_colorPalette\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderActions_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ...MetaHeaderPubMenu_publisher\n  ...SearchWidget_publisher\n  ... on Collection {\n    id\n    creator {\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    customStyleSheet {\n      navigation {\n        navItems {\n          name\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n      id\n    }\n    ...CollectionAvatar_collection\n    ...CollectionMetabarActionsPopover_collection\n    ...MetaHeaderActions_collection_common\n    __typename\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    id\n    ...UserAvatar_user\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n\nfragment SearchWidget_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    id\n    slug\n    name\n    domain\n    __typename\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    id\n    name\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...algoliaSearch_publisher\n}\n\nfragment algoliaSearch_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment CollectionMetabarActionsPopover_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  slug\n  isAuroraEligible\n  isAuroraVisible\n  newsletterV3 {\n    id\n    slug\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...collectionUrl_collection\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderActions_collection_common on Collection {\n  creator {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderTop_publisher on Publisher {\n  __typename\n  ... on Collection {\n    slug\n    ...CollectionMetabarActionsPopover_collection\n    ...CollectionAvatar_collection\n    ...MetaHeaderTop_collection\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  ... on User {\n    username\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n\nfragment MetaHeaderTop_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  creator {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment CollectionNavigationContextProvider_collection on Collection {\n  id\n  domain\n  slug\n  isAuroraVisible\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment useShouldShowEntityDrivenSubscription_creator on User {\n  id\n  __typename\n}\n"
      }
]

• id : 帳號對應的 User Id，上面那個取得追蹤者的 Endpoint 有給
• homepagePostsFrom : 分頁參數，可參考回應中的 from 帶入取得所有分頁資料

Postman :

Response:

在 response[0]["data"]["userResult"]["homepagePostsConnection"]["posts"] 可以取得文章列表資訊。

Medium Private API — 取得文章內容

再來就是最關鍵的，爬取文章原始內容。

Graphql Query Body:

[
      {
        "operationName": "PostViewerEdgeContentQuery",
        "variables": {
          "postId": "c008a9e8ceca"
        },
        "query": "query PostViewerEdgeContentQuery($postId: ID!, $postMeteringOptions: PostMeteringOptions) {\n  post(id: $postId) {\n    ... on Post {\n      id\n      viewerEdge {\n        id\n        fullContent(postMeteringOptions: $postMeteringOptions) {\n          isLockedPreviewOnly\n          validatedShareKey\n          bodyModel {\n            ...PostBody_bodyModel\n            __typename\n          }\n          __typename\n        }\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n}\n\nfragment PostBody_bodyModel on RichText {\n  sections {\n    name\n    startIndex\n    textLayout\n    imageLayout\n    backgroundImage {\n      id\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      __typename\n    }\n    videoLayout\n    backgroundVideo {\n      videoId\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      previewImageId\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  paragraphs {\n    id\n    ...PostBodySection_paragraph\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...normalizedBodyModel_richText\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostBodySection_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  ...PostBodyParagraph_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PostBodyParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  type\n  ...ImageParagraph_paragraph\n  ...TextParagraph_paragraph\n  ...IframeParagraph_paragraph\n  ...MixtapeParagraph_paragraph\n  ...CodeBlockParagraph_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment ImageParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  href\n  layout\n  metadata {\n    id\n    originalHeight\n    originalWidth\n    focusPercentX\n    focusPercentY\n    alt\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...Markups_paragraph\n  ...ParagraphRefsMapContext_paragraph\n  ...PostAnnotationsMarker_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment Markups_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  text\n  hasDropCap\n  dropCapImage {\n    ...MarkupNode_data_dropCapImage\n    __typename\n    id\n  }\n  markups {\n    type\n    start\n    end\n    href\n    anchorType\n    userId\n    linkMetadata {\n      httpStatus\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MarkupNode_data_dropCapImage on ImageMetadata {\n  ...DropCap_image\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment DropCap_image on ImageMetadata {\n  id\n  originalHeight\n  originalWidth\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment ParagraphRefsMapContext_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  id\n  name\n  text\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment PostAnnotationsMarker_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  ...PostViewNoteCard_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment PostViewNoteCard_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment TextParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  type\n  hasDropCap\n  codeBlockMetadata {\n    mode\n    lang\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...Markups_paragraph\n  ...ParagraphRefsMapContext_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment IframeParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  iframe {\n    mediaResource {\n      id\n      iframeSrc\n      iframeHeight\n      iframeWidth\n      title\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  layout\n  ...getEmbedlyCardUrlParams_paragraph\n  ...Markups_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getEmbedlyCardUrlParams_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  type\n  iframe {\n    mediaResource {\n      iframeSrc\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment MixtapeParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  type\n  mixtapeMetadata {\n    href\n    mediaResource {\n      mediumCatalog {\n        id\n        __typename\n      }\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...GenericMixtapeParagraph_paragraph\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment GenericMixtapeParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  text\n  mixtapeMetadata {\n    href\n    thumbnailImageId\n    __typename\n  }\n  markups {\n    start\n    end\n    type\n    href\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment CodeBlockParagraph_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  codeBlockMetadata {\n    lang\n    mode\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment normalizedBodyModel_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    markups {\n      type\n      __typename\n    }\n    codeBlockMetadata {\n      lang\n      mode\n      __typename\n    }\n    ...getParagraphHighlights_paragraph\n    ...getParagraphPrivateNotes_paragraph\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    startIndex\n    ...getSectionEndIndex_section\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...getParagraphStyles_richText\n  ...getParagraphSpaces_richText\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphHighlights_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphPrivateNotes_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  name\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getSectionEndIndex_section on Section {\n  startIndex\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphStyles_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    text\n    type\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    ...getSectionEndIndex_section\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getParagraphSpaces_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    layout\n    metadata {\n      originalHeight\n      originalWidth\n      id\n      __typename\n    }\n    type\n    ...paragraphExtendsImageGrid_paragraph\n    __typename\n  }\n  ...getSeriesParagraphTopSpacings_richText\n  ...getPostParagraphTopSpacings_richText\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment paragraphExtendsImageGrid_paragraph on Paragraph {\n  layout\n  type\n  __typename\n  id\n}\n\nfragment getSeriesParagraphTopSpacings_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    id\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    startIndex\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n\nfragment getPostParagraphTopSpacings_richText on RichText {\n  paragraphs {\n    layout\n    text\n    codeBlockMetadata {\n      lang\n      mode\n      __typename\n    }\n    __typename\n  }\n  sections {\n    startIndex\n    __typename\n  }\n  __typename\n}\n"
      }
]

• posdId : 文章 ID，上面取得文章列表的 API 有給。

Postman :

Response:

文章 Source 如上圖：

• response[0]["data"]["post"]["viewerEdge"]["fullContent"]["bodyModel"]["paragraphs"] :整篇文章段落，組合起來就是全篇文章
• ["markups"] : 段落的文字樣式，例如粗體、超連結…

至於如何把這個 JSON 描述格式轉換成 Markdown 可以直接參考或使用我之前開發的開源工具 — ZMediumToMarkdown

• 如果要爬取自己的付費文章需要帶上 sid, uid 登入權杖資訊 (參考下文)

Medium x Cloudflare 攻防

本篇文章的第二個主題，就是 Cloudflare，大約在 2025 下半年開始，Medium 的 Cloudflare 防護設定幾乎到了最高等級，所有來自雲服務的請求都會被阻擋(我用 Google Apps Script / GitHub Actions 全都會被擋)，導致爬取資料失敗。

阻擋訊息：403

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">....

這讓我非常苦惱，因為我的鏡像站 ( https://zhgchg.li ) 已經穩定運作了好幾年，只要 Medium 有新文章發佈，那邊就會定時自動執行腳本同步過去 (透過 Private API Graphql)， 如果雲端服務會被阻擋，我就只能手動在本地電腦執行腳本 。

Header Cookies 多加上 sid, uid ❌

最一開始我在 Header Cookies 多加上 sid, uid 等於是 Medium 登入身份，可以順利通過，但過了幾個月之後連這個方法也行不通了。

• uid : 你的使用者 ID
• sid : 你的 access token (務必保密)

Cloudflare Worker 橋接請求 ✅

亂試一通後找不到方法，突發奇想用 Cloudflare 的魔法打敗魔法，用 Cloudflare，沒想到就成功了！不會被 Cloudflare Bot 防護阻擋。

Demo Code:

export default {

  async fetch(request, env, ctx) {

    const url = new URL(request.url);
    const path = url.pathname;

    if (path == "/graphql") {
      let body;
      try {
        body = await request.json();
      } catch {
        return new Response("Invalid JSON body", { status: 400 });
      }

      let apiURL = "https://medium.com/_/graphql";

      const apiResponse = await fetch(apiURL, {
        method: "POST",
        headers: {
          "Accept": "application/json",
          "Content-Type": "application/json",
          "User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/142.0.0.0 Safari/537.36 Edg/142.0.0.0",
          "Cookie": request.headers.get("cookie")
        },
        body: JSON.stringify(body),
      });

      const json = await apiResponse.json();
      return new Response(JSON.stringify(json), {
        status: apiResponse.status,
        headers: {
          "Content-Type": "application/json; charset=utf-8",
        },
      });
    }

    return new Response("Not Found", { status: 404 });
  },
};

Request:

從 https://medium.com/_/graphql 改成你部署的 Cloudflare Worker URL 即可。

總結

以上就是我跟 Medium API 搏鬥這麼多年的心路歷程，目前所有的文章 (Markdown 檔)及圖片都有備份到 https://zhgchg.li 包含所有附加圖片檔案，GitHub Repo 有一份、電腦硬碟也有一份，非常安全。

還是希望 Medium 能長長久久！本文內容只供實驗參考，作者不負任何使用責任。

有任何問題及指教歡迎 與我聯絡 。

---

🍺 Buy me a beer on PayPal

👉👉👉 Follow Me On Medium! (1,053+ Followers) 👈👈👈

本文首次發表於 Medium (點此查看原始版本)，由 ZMediumToMarkdown 提供自動轉換與同步技術。

Improve this page on Github.